The Most Common OSHA Violations in the Construction Industry (and How to Avoid Them)

Every year, OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) releases a list of the most frequently cited workplace safety violations in the construction industry. These violations are reminders of the critical role that safety plays on job sites. Construction is dynamic and inherently hazardous, and neglecting safety protocols can lead to injuries, fatalities, and substantial fines.

This blog will break down the most common OSHA violations in construction and offer practical tips to help your team avoid them. Whether you’re a site manager, contractor, or worker, understanding these violations can help you foster safer work environments.

Why Understanding OSHA Violations Matters

Safety in construction isn’t just about avoiding fines; it’s about protecting the team. Approximately 20% of workplace fatalities occur in construction annually. Many of these incidents could have been prevented by adhering to OSHA regulations. Understanding the most-cited violations is an opportunity to proactively improve safety and compliance on your site.

Here’s a rundown of the violations that construction companies receive most often and how to avoid them.

The Top OSHA Violations in Construction

1. Fall Protection (1926.501)

The violation 

Falls are the leading cause of fatalities in construction, making fall protection the most cited OSHA violation year after year. Workers not wearing proper fall protection systems while working at heights, such as on scaffolds, roofs, or ladders, are common reasons for citations. 

How to avoid it 

• Ensure every worker above 6 feet uses appropriate fall protection systems (harnesses, guardrails, or safety nets). 

• Inspect and maintain equipment regularly for wear and tear. 

• Train employees to recognize fall hazards and properly use protection systems. 

• Secure walking/working surfaces to prevent slips and trips. 

2. Hazard Communication (1910.1200)

The violation 

Hazard communication violations occur when employers fail to inform workers about the hazardous chemicals they may be exposed to. This typically includes not having proper labeling on containers or missing Safety Data Sheets (SDS). 

How to avoid it 

• Label all hazardous material containers clearly with OSHA-approved warnings. 

• Maintain an accessible, up-to-date file of SDS for all chemicals on-site. 

• Conduct regular training for workers on handling hazardous materials safely.

3. Scaffolding (1926.451)

The violation 

Improper construction or use of scaffolding leads to numerous citations. Issues include scaffolds not being stable, lacking guardrails, or being incorrectly assembled. These shortcuts greatly increase the risk of falls or collapses. 

How to avoid it 

• Follow OSHA scaffold design standards during assembly. 

• Make sure scaffolds are stable and capable of supporting four times the maximum intended load. 

• Equip scaffolds with guardrails, midrails, and toe boards where required. 

• Use trained workers to assemble, inspect, and adjust scaffolds. 

4. Ladders (1926.1053)

The violation 

Improper use of ladders, damaged ladders, and failure to secure ladders are some of the most common reasons for violations. Many workers use the wrong ladder type or overload them, leading to injuries and citations. 

How to avoid it 

• Use ladders only for their intended purpose and make sure they are in good condition. 

• Match the ladder type and height to the job at hand. 

• Prevent overreaching or standing on the top rung of the ladder. 

• Secure ladders to stable surfaces to prevent tipping. 

5. Respiratory Protection (1910.134)

The violation 

Respiratory protection violations arise when workers are exposed to harmful airborne hazards (dust, fumes, or chemicals) and lack adequate protection. Often, this happens due to insufficient equipment or poor fit testing. 

How to avoid it 

• Provide suitable respirators for hazardous environments and ensure they fit properly. 

• Train employees on when and how to use respirators effectively. 

• Conduct regular air-quality monitoring to assess exposure levels. 

6. Lockout/Tagout (1910.147)

The violation 

Lockout/tagout (LOTO) violations occur when energy sources (electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, etc.) are not properly de-energized before maintenance work. This poses a high risk of accidental machine startups. 

How to avoid it 

• Establish a comprehensive LOTO procedure and train all employees. 

• Use proper locking devices and tags to secure equipment during maintenance. 

• Regularly review LOTO processes to ensure compliance and effectiveness. 

7. Eye and Face Protection (1926.102)

The violation 

Failing to provide or properly use personal protective equipment (PPE) for the eyes and face is another frequent citation. Injuries from flying debris, chemical splashes, or dust particles are direct consequences of this violation. 

How to avoid it 

• Provide OSHA-compliant PPE, such as safety goggles or full-face shields. 

• Ensure PPE is appropriate for the specific hazards involved in each task. 

• Regularly inspect and replace damaged or worn-out eye and face protection equipment. 

8. Electrical Wiring Methods (1910.305)

The violation 

Improper installation of electrical systems or exposed wiring can lead to electrocution hazards, one of OSHA’s “Fatal Four.” Common issues involve using incorrect cords or failing to enclose live wires. 

How to avoid it 

• Hire qualified electricians to handle electrical installations and repairs. 

• Use extension cords and wiring rated for industrial use. 

• Ensure all electrical panels, outlets, and wiring are properly insulated and enclosed. 

9. Machine Guarding (1910.212)

The violation 

Leaving machines without proper guards leads to a high number of accidents. Workers operating machinery risk amputations, lacerations, or crushing injuries if guarding is absent or inadequate. 

How to avoid it 

• Install and maintain machine guards on all moving parts. 

• Train workers on how to safely operate guarded machinery. 

• Regularly inspect and repair guards to ensure they are securely in place. 

Take Safety Seriously and Stay OSHA Compliant 

Safety in construction is non-negotiable. Avoiding these common OSHA violations is not only about staying on the right side of regulations but also about creating a safer, more productive workplace for your team. Start by identifying the risks specific to your job site, and implement focused training and inspections to address these hazards proactively.

Investing in safety is investing in your business’s longevity. Not only does it minimize costly fines and downtime from accidents, but it also improves morale and reduces turnover. Ultimately, making safety a priority creates stronger teams and better bottom lines.

Want to learn more about ensuring OSHA compliance at your worksite? Explore OSHA’s Construction eTool for detailed safety resources.